Nicholas S. Card, Maitreyee Wairagkar, Carrina Iacobacci, Xianda Hou, Tyler Singer-Clark, Francis R. Willett, Erin M. Kunz, Chaofei Fan, Maryam Vahdati Nia, Darrel R. Deo, Aparna Srinivasan, Eun Young Choi, Matthew F. Glasser, Leigh R. Hochberg, Jaimie M. Henderson, Kiarash Shahlaie, Sergey D. Stavisky*, and David M. Brandman*.

* denotes co-senior authors

Overview

This repository contains the code and data necessary to reproduce the results of the paper "An Accurate and Rapidly Calibrating Speech Neuroprosthesis" by Card et al. (2024), N Eng J Med.

The code is written in Python, and the data can be downloaded from Dryad, here. Please download this data and place it in the data directory before running the code. Be sure to unzip t15_copyTask_neuralData.zip and t15_pretrained_rnn_baseline.zip.

The code is organized into four main directories: utils, analyses, data, and model_training:

The utils directory contains utility functions used throughout the code.
The analyses directory contains the code necessary to reproduce results shown in the main text and supplemental appendix.
The data directory contains the data necessary to reproduce the results in the paper. Download it from Dryad using the link above and place it in this directory.
The model_training directory contains the code necessary to train and evaluate the brain-to-text model. See the README.md in that folder for more detailed instructions.
The language_model directory contains the ngram language model implementation and a pretrained 1gram language model. Pretrained 3gram and 5gram language models can be downloaded here (languageModel.tar.gz and languageModel_5gram.tar.gz). See the README.md in this directory for more information.

Dependencies

The code has only been tested on Ubuntu 22.04 with two NVIDIA RTX 4090 GPUs.
We recommend using a conda environment to manage the dependencies. To install miniconda, follow the instructions here.

Redis is required for communication between python processes. To install redis on Ubuntu:

https://redis.io/docs/getting-started/installation/install-redis-on-linux/

In terminal:

curl -fsSL https://packages.redis.io/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.redis.io/deb $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/redis.list

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install redis

Turn of autorestarting for the redis server in terminal:
- sudo systemctl disable redis-server

CMake >= 3.14 and gcc >= 10.1 are required for the ngram language model installation. You can install these on linux with sudo apt-get install build-essential.

Python environment setup for model training and evaluation

To create a conda environment with the necessary dependencies, run the following command from the root directory of this repository:

./setup.sh

Python environment setup for ngram language model and OPT rescoring

We use an ngram language model plus rescoring via the Facebook OPT 6.7b LLM. A pretrained 1gram language model is included in this repository at language_model/pretrained_language_models/openwebtext_1gram_lm_sil. Pretrained 3gram and 5gram language models are available for download here (languageModel.tar.gz and languageModel_5gram.tar.gz). Note that the 3gram model requires ~60GB of RAM, and the 5gram model requires ~300GB of RAM. Furthermore, OPT 6.7b requires a GPU with at least ~12.4 GB of VRAM to load for inference.

Our Kaldi-based ngram implementation requires a different version of torch than our model training pipeline, so running the ngram language models requires an additional seperate python conda environment. To create this conda environment, run the following command from the root directory of this repository. For more detailed instructions, see the README.md in the language_model subdirectory.

./setup_lm.sh